Definitions of Know Your Client (KYC) terms
The Know-Your-Client (KYC) information that your advisor collects about you is used to assess the suitability of your investments in accordance with your personal and financial information, risk profile and investment needs and objectives. KYC information includes your age, investment knowledge, annual income, net worth, time horizon, investment objectives and risk tolerance.
Investment knowledge
Investment knowledge captures your:
- experience and understanding of investing and financial markets,
- knowledge about the risks of various investments, and
- awareness of how the level of risk might affect the investment returns you’re hoping to achieve.
Investment needs and objectives
This term refers to what you want or need to achieve with your investments. It may include a combination of the following:
Cash Reserves – The objective is short-term, highly liquid investment that earns a low rate of return. Capital preservation is critical.
Income – The objective is to generate current income from investments; a client is less concerned with capital appreciation. Investments that will satisfy this objective include fixed income investments such as funds that invest in bond or money market instruments.
Growth – The objective is capital appreciation and current income from investments is not a requirement. This may lead the client to hold a relatively high proportion of funds that invest in equities if the client also has a higher risk tolerance and long-term time horizon.
Aggressive Growth – The objective is maximum capital appreciation; current income from investments is not a requirement. This may lead a client to hold a relatively high proportion of funds that invest in companies that demonstrate a high growth potential and higher likelihood of increased market value volatility in the fund price (both positive and negative).
Time horizon
Your investment time horizon is the period from now to when you will need to withdraw a large portion of the money in your account. The length of your time horizon impacts the types of investments that may be suitable for you. Longer time horizons may have a greater degree of flexibility (risk profile and investment objectives must also be considered). Clients with shorter investment time horizons may not have the flexibility to withstand market fluctuations before funds are withdrawn, and more conservative options such as money market funds or GICs' may be the only suitable option.
Risk profile
Your risk profile reflects the amount of investment risk that is suitable for you. It considers your comfort with and willingness to accept risk (your risk attitude). Risk attitude is the amount of risk that you’re comfortable taking or the degree of uncertainty you’re able to handle.
Your risk profile also considers your ability to endure financial losses given your personal and financial situation (your risk capacity).
Your risk profile may include a combination of the following:
Low – “Low” risk investments demonstrate a low volatility and are for clients who are willing to accept lower returns for greater safety of capital. They may include such investments as Canada Savings Bonds, Guaranteed Investment Certificates and money market mutual funds.
Low to Medium – “Low to Medium” risk investments demonstrate a low to medium volatility but a higher volatility than those described as low risk and may include bond or balanced funds.
Medium – “Medium risk” investments demonstrate a medium volatility and are for clients that are looking for moderate growth over a longer period of time. They may include Canadian dividend, Canadian equity, U.S. equity and certain international equity funds.
Medium to High – “Medium to High” risk investments demonstrate a medium to high volatility and are for clients that are looking for long term growth. They may include funds that invest in smaller companies, specific market sectors or geographic areas.
High – “High” risk investments demonstrate a high volatility and are for clients who are growth oriented and willing to accept significant short-term fluctuations in portfolio value in exchange for potentially higher long-term returns. They include funds that invest in specific market sectors or geographic areas such as emerging markets, science and technology, or funds that engage in speculative trading strategies including hedge funds that invest in derivatives, short selling or use leverage.
Updating your KYC information
Your advisor will use all the KYC information collected from you to make investment recommendations. Therefore, if any of your personal or financial circumstances change, (for example, if you purchase a home, have a child, change careers, lose a job, etc.) we ask that you contact your advisor.
Leverage
Using borrowed money to pay for securities involves greater risk than using cash only. You are still responsible for repaying the loan with interest, even if the value of the securities declines.